纳米纤维素的疏水改性及应用研究进展

纳米纤维素作为一种性能优越的可再生纳米材料，应用前景极为广阔。然而，由于纳米纤维素结构上富含羟基，使其具有极强的亲水性，严重影响了纳米纤维素的疏水性能，并且在一定程度上限制了其在复合材料领域的应用。综述了纳米纤维素疏水改性的研究进展，从物理吸附、表面化学修饰（甲硅烷化、烷酰化、酯化等）、聚合物接枝共聚3个方面简述了目前应用较为广泛的疏水化改性方法，并对疏水纳米纤维素在包装材料、造纸、水净化等方面的应用现状进行了总结。最后对疏水改性纳米纤维素的未来发展进行了展望，旨在为疏水纳米纤维素的研究和应用提供参考。     

不同类型油墨碱法脱墨性能的研究

对采用不同类型油墨印刷的新闻纸、胶版纸和铜版纸的脱墨性能进行了初步研究,同时评价了不同类型脱墨剂对新闻纸脱墨效果的影响。实验结果表明,在常规的碱法浮选脱墨工艺中,油基油墨的脱墨效果最好,水性光固化油墨次之,水性柔性版油墨脱除率最低;3种不同类型的脱墨剂中,BH脱墨剂的脱墨效果最好。     

中水造纸及其湿部化学特性的研究

分别以中水和清水为抄造用水,模拟白水的不同循环次数,对两者的水质变化特性以及它们对纸机湿部化学的影响进行了研究。结果表明,模拟白水循环时,中水的总溶解固体、电导率、悬浮固体和硬度等指标显著高于清水,化学耗氧量、浊度、阳离子需求量等比清水略高;用中水抄造时浆料的滤水和留着性能比用清水抄造时差。通过对纸张抄造性能的比较发现,用中水抄纸,除填料留着率较低外,在光学性能、强度指标和施胶度等方面,与用清水没有明显差别。用中水代替清水进行抄造,对纸机湿部化学以及抄造系统的白水封闭循环以及纸张的物理性能影响不大。     

Effects of process and source on elastic modulus of single cellulose fibrils evaluated by atomic force microscopy

A test method to measure cellulose fibril elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the effects of process and source on the moduli of single cellulose fibrils. The cellulose fibrils were generated from cellulose by mechanical treatments. Individual fibrils were suspended over a micro scale groove etched on a silicon wafer. A nano-scale three-point bending test was performed to obtain the elastic moduli. The results indicated that the elastic moduli of cellulose fibrils were not significantly different between 30 min and 60 min of high intensity ultrasonic treatment for Lyocell fiber, between isolation methods of ultrasonic and homogenizer treatment for pure cellulose fiber, and between different cellulose sources of pulp fibers treated by homogenizer regardless the effects of sample size coupled with inherent variation in the raw material. The elastic modulus of Lyocell fibrils with diameters from 150 to 180 nm was evaluated to be 98 ± 6 GPa. Modulus values decreased dramatically when the diameter was more than 180 nm.     

纤维孔隙率的测量及密度法测量的纤维素含量

利用纤维体积密度和氦比重方法测量纤维素密度、绝对密度、体积密度和孔隙率，进而准确地计算出纤维素的含量。     

阳离子淀粉固载β-环糊精用于废水处理

研究了阳离子淀粉(CS)固载β-环糊精(β-CD)及产物在含微量芳香小分子废水处理中的初步应用。结果表明,提高β-CD与CS的质量比,产物中β-CD固载量逐渐增加,而阳离子取代度和产率均显著下降;当β-CD与CS质量比达到2:1时,β-CD固载量趋于平稳。阳离子取代度越低,对废水中细小粒子的絮凝效果越差;β-CD的固载量越高,对水中微量的芳香类有机小分子的去除效果越好。对于β-CD固载量大于70%的CS-βCD,当添加的质量浓度为120mg/L时,芳香类有机小分子的去除率均在80%以上。     

预处理脱果胶技术在全棉秆APMP中的应用及可行性分析

在前期工作的基础上,提出并探讨了棉秆预浸渍处理流程整合后的＂2段化学处理＂工艺取代＂3段化学处理＂工艺的可行性。通过对现有中试设备改造,模拟了实际生产中的预浸渍处理过程。在预处理脱果胶试剂草酸钠用量3.26%、总NaOH用量5.6%、总H2O2用量9.65%条件下,全棉杆APMP成浆白度达到70.44%。将预处理试剂草酸钠用量提高至5.1%,在总NaOH用量6.6%、总H2O2用量11.4%条件下,全棉杆原料APMP成浆白度最高可达到74.81%。研究结果表明：依托现有PRC-APMP生产线工艺流程提出的＂2段化学处理＂工艺可获得与＂3段化学处理＂工艺基本相同的白度性能指标。     

白腐菌Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理对杨木SCMP性能的影响

研究了白腐菌Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理对磺化化学机械浆（SCMP）性能的影响。结果表明：Lg-9粗酶液预处理可改善SCMP的打浆性能,降低打浆能量消耗,预处理后打浆的纤维平均长度增大,细小组分含量降低,宽度稍有增大。Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理可提高SCMP白度,改善强度。Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理的漂后浆纤维平均长度较长,细小组分含量较少,粗酶液用量大于8IU/g浆时,随着粗酶液用量的增大,纤维平均长度有所降低,细小组分含量有所提高。     

Ion conductivities and interfacial characteristics of the plasticized polymer electrolytes based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate)

The plasticized polymer electrolytes composed of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate), lithium perchlorate, and ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer, were newly prepared. The ion conductivities of the plasticized polymer electrolytes based on the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate) were found to be dependent on the ion content of the ionomer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate), in the polymer electrolyte, and the polymer electrolyte based on the ionomer with 8.5 mol% ion content showed the maximum ion conductivity.The interfacial resistance at the polymer electrolyte/lithium interface and the cationic transference number were also investigated as a function of the ion content of the ionomer in the polymer electrolyte. The interfacial resistances as well as the cationic transference numbers of the polymer electrolytes were found to be also dependent on the ion content of the ionomer in the polymer electrolyte. Ion aggregations in the ionomer seemed to significantly influence the electrochemical behavior of the polymer electrolytes based on the ionomer.     

Preparation of High-precision Electrospun Nanoair Filter Paper for Air Purification

Electrospinning technology has become a research hotspot because of its advantages, such as simple operation, low cost, large specific surface area, high porosity, and good fiber continuity. Here, a new type of composite nanoair filter paper was prepared using electrospinning technology. To improve the practicability of air filter base paper, phenolic resin was used as a curing agent to improve the strength. The results show that the electrospun nanoair filter paper with air filter paper as the receiving substrate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as the spinning solution excellently performed in all aspects. The influence of the thickness (spinning time) of the PVA nanofiber membrane on the micromorphology, physical properties, and filtration performance of the electrospun nanoair filter paper was analyzed. According to the ISO 5011-2014 standard, the initial resistance, filtration efficiency, mean pore size, and dust capacity of the electrospun nanoair filter paper were 77.3 Pa, 99.9941%, 3.50 μm, and 146 g/m², respectively, when the spinning time was 15 min.